Asks Dr Pinna.
High intelligence is also a Neanderthal trait. The Neanderthals had large craniums and therefore more brains. They survived through the Ice Ages which required the ability to adapt to hunger and to be able to kill large animals. This meant they had good skills in team work."
By David Noel
From a combination of old and new evidence, it appears that at last we have a satisfactory answer to the age-old question of ‘What Happened to the Neanderthals?’. If the current reasoning is correct, their descendants are still with us, and we call them the Basques.
Robert J Sawyer has recently published his book “Hominids” [2], a fictional account of an interaction between Sapiens humans and Neanderthals, but drawing on the latest scientific research about Neanderthals.
This research included studies of DNA extracted from bones of Neanderthal remains. The account mentions five months of painstaking work to extract a 379-nucleotide fragment from the control region of the Neanderthal’s mitochondrial DNA, followed by use of a polymerase chain reaction to reproduce millions of copies of the recovered DNA.
This was carefully sequenced and then a check made of the corresponding mitochondrial DNA from 1,600 modern humans: Native Canadians, Polynesians. Australians, Africans, Asians, and Europeans. Every one of those 1,600 people had at least 371 nucleotides out of those 379 the same; the maximum deviation was just 8 nucleotides.
But the Neanderthal DNA had an average of only 352 nucleotides in common with the modern specimens; it deviated by 27 nucleotides. It was concluded that Homo sapiens and Neanderthals must have diverged from each other between 550,000 and 690,000 years ago for their DNA to be so different.
In contrast, all modern humans probably shared a common ancestor 150,000 or 200,000 years in the past. It was concluded that Neanderthals were probably a fully separate species from modern humans, not just a subspecies: Homo neanderthalensis, not Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.
Looking now at the evidence for the theory that the Basques are descended principally from Neanderthals, everything suddenly falls into place, and the supposition becomes almost self-evident.
Location: The ‘home country’ of the Neanderthals is well known to have been western Europe. One source says that they “dominated this area for at least a quarter of a million years”. Many of the best Neanderthal specimens have originated from the Iberian Peninsular. The Basque Country, lying on the western side of the Pyrenees and on the border between Spain and France, fits in neatly with this location.
Note: According to more recent sources Neanderthal originated in the Tigris area, and have been found in Israel. This is not to say a lot of them didn't settle in, or were pushed into the Basque area.[11]
The Basques are well-known to have distinctive body characteristics. Kurlansky says “Ample evidence exists that the Basques are a physically distinct group. There is a Basque type with a long straight nose, thick eyebrows, strong chin, and long earlobes” [1].
Basque skulls tend to be built on a different pattern. In the early 1880s, a researcher reported
“Someone gave me a Basque body and I dissected it, and I assert that the head was not built like that of other men” [1].
These qualitative differences are indicative, but quantitative evidence, with presence or absence of features, or items being present in different numbers, has greater weight in deciding whether specimens belong to the same or different species. Powerful quantitative evidence comes from a consideration of blood factors.
Human blood is classified according to various parameters, the most important of which are ABO and Rhesus characteristics. In ABO, blood may contain the ‘A’ factor (giving A-group blood), the ‘B’ factor (B-group), both ‘A’ and ‘B’ (AB blood), or neither (O blood). The A and B factors act like antibodies, and if blood containing one or both of them is transferred to a person whose blood does not already contain them, adverse reactions occur. Group O blood contains neither antibody and can typically be transferred without reaction to any recipient.
Some 55% of Basques have Group O blood, one of the highest percentages in the world [3].
Even stronger evidence comes from the
Rhesus factor, discovered only in 1940. The blood of most humans (and, apparently, all other primates [6]) contains this factor, and is called Rhesus-positive or Rh+ blood. Blood lacking this factor is called Rhesus-negative.
The Basques are well-known to have the highest percentage (around 33%) of Rhesus-negative blood of any human population [2], and so are regarded as the original source of this factor. In the United States,
some 15% of the ‘European’ population are Rh-negative, while the percentage in the ‘Asian’ and ‘Black’ population is much less than this.
Possession of Rh-negative blood can be a major disadvantage for a human population. A Rh-negative woman who conceives a Rh-positive child with a Rh-positive man will typically bear her first child without special problems. However, because of intermingling of fluids between mother and foetus, the first pregnancy builds up antibodies to Rh+ blood in the woman which typically attack the blood of her subsequent Rh+ children, causing them to miscarry, be stillborn, or die shortly after birth (infant haemolytic disease [6]).
Note: If Rh negatives breed only with each other, there are no problems at all.[12]
The scenario so far then is this. Around 600,000 years ago, in southern Europe, a species of man separated off from the ancestral line, and we call this species Homo neanderthalensis, the ‘N-people’. The blood of this species contained none of the factors A, B, or Rh.
Note: Neanderthals evolved and came out of Tigris area, not Africa.[11]
Much later, possibly around 200,000 years ago in Africa, the main human line had picked up the A, B, and Rh factors (possibly from other primates, the Rhesus factor is named after the Rhesus monkey or macaque), and by then could be classed as Homo sapiens, the ‘S-people’.
In competition between related species or races, antibodies in their blood are a powerful genetic advantage for those who possess them when competing against those who don’t. History has many examples of European settlers who quite unintentionally won out against native populations because the latter had no antibodies against diseases such as measles which the Europeans brought with them.
In the present scenario, a woman of the N-people (Basque, Rh-) who partnered with a man of the S-people (non-Basque, Rh+) would be likely to bear no more than a single child of the partnership. ‘Mixed marriages’ in humans are not usually genetically disadvantageous, but in this case they would be. The effect would be a continuing reduction in the N-people population as ‘mixed’ couples produced only a single child, half the nominal population-maintenance rate.
There are other physical characteristics of humans which are typically associated with Rh-negative blood, but which in the present scenario would be regarded as belonging to the N-people. These include early maturity, large head and eyes, high IQ [6], or an extra vertebra (a ‘tail bone’ — called a ‘cauda’), lower than normal body temperature, lower than normal blood pressure, and higher mental analytical abilities [5].
http://drpinna.com/neanderthals-and-basques-14808
Rh Negative Blood & HLA B27
By Matt McGrath
In the human immune system, the HLA (human leucocyte antigen) family of genes plays an important role in defending against foreign invaders such as viruses.
The authors say that the origins of some HLA class 1 genes are proof that our ancient relatives interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans for a period.
“Getting these genes by mating would have given an advantage to populations that acquired them.”
At least one variety of HLA gene occurs frequently in present day populations from West Asia, but is rare in Africans.
“The HLA genes that the Neanderthals and Denisovans had, had been adapted to life in Europe and Asia for several hundred thousand years, whereas the recent migrants from Africa wouldn't have had these genes,” said study leader Peter Parham from Stanford University School of Medicine in California.
“So getting these genes by mating would have given an advantage to populations that acquired them.”
Dr. Pinna says:
The HLA gene which provides our white cells in our immune system with the ability to recognize viruses and perhaps cancers was a gift from our Neanderthal ancestors.
Neanderthals interbred with Europeans and Chinese but not with Africans. This is very important from a medical point of view.
Since the HLA (HUMAN LEUKOCYTE (WHITE CELL) ANTIGEN) protects against viruses, we find the most deadly viruses in Africa. For example, the famous EBOLA virus.Why? Because Africans do not have the ability to defend against and eradicate this virus. The viruses found in Europe and China are rather mild, such as mumps, measles and German measles.Also, Africans have less defenses against cancers caused by viruses. Here is a report from the Guardian, U.K:
“The difference is that a disproportionate number of cancers in Africa are caused by infections, such as the hepatitis viruses (B and C), which cause liver cancer, or the human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes 98% of cervical cancers. The worldwide average for infection-related cancers is about 22%; in Africa, the figures are much higher: 40% of cases in women and 30% in men.”
European and Chinese interbreeding with Neanderthals was a gift from God. Not only did it give us red hair and big brains, but also a way to fight viral infection.
http://drpinna.com/neanderthal-genes-boosts-our-immune-system-23305
HLA B27 & Arthritis
Arthritis is a term for any of more than one hundred diseases that produce swelling in a joint, accompanied by pain and stiffness. The most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis (the degeneration of a joint) and rheumatoid arthritis ("the great crippler," inflammation of a joint that erodes bone and cartilage). Other forms include ankylosing spondylitis (inflammation of spinal joints, mainly affecting young men), infectious arthritis (caused by invading microorganisms), and chronic Lyme arthritis (which appears in some people who contract Lyme disease). Lupus, an autoimmune disease, also has elements of arthritis, with painful and often swollen joints.
Neanderthal skeletons show signs of arthritis, as do Egyptian mummies. Ancient Greek and Roman physicians wrote detailed descriptions of arthritic conditions and methods of treatment. In fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Europe, gout became common among members of the upper classes, and an outbreak of rheumatoid arthritis swept through the masses of Europe during the Industrial Revolution. By the early nineteenth century, rheumatoid arthritis had been recognized as a distinct condition, separate from gout. Augustin Landre-Beauvais gave rheumatoid arthritis its first complete clinical description in 1800; in 1859 Alfred Garrod (1819-1907) distinguished gout by the presence of uric acid.
While the disease had been known for centuries, its cause remained unknown. Some thought arthritis was the result of an infectious disease, such as gonorrhea or tuberculosis. In 1900 twophysicians, Frederick J. Poynton (1869-1943) and A. Paine, discovered a bacteria in a group of children afflicted with rheumatism. They speculated that rheumatic arthritis could be the result of an immune reaction to an invading microorganism. In 1940 researchers found an rheumatoid factor, an antibody-like substance, in the blood of arthritis patients. Further study showed that rheumatic infections were caused by a group A streptococcus, so the rheumatoid factor was indeed an immune system response to that bacteria. Current research focuses on the relationship between specific genetically coded HLA molecules (an element of the immune system) and the occurrence of various types of arthritis. For example, the HLA-B27 molecule is common in people with ankylosing spondylitis.[14]
HLA B27 & CCR5-Δ32
According to Randall Johnson at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston,
"Only 7% of the US population tests positive for the HLA-B27 gene; this gene, found only in persons with Rh-Negative blood, can trigger the immune system to operate overtime at WARP SPEED in times of medical emergency."
Note: HLA-B27 is also sometimes found in those who are Rh negative recessive.
The HLA-B27 Genetic Marker is said to have protective properties that guard against the progression of HIV. It is said, that people with this gene do not have the right proteins for the HIV virus to bind with. The HLA-B27 Marker is most often found in people with O- Blood.
CCR5-Δ32 is a deletion mutation of a gene that has a specific impact on the function of T cells. At least one copy of CCR5-Δ32 is found in about (5-14%) of people of Northern European and in those of Northern European descent. There also is a small minority (1%) with the same mutation amongst Southern Europeans or Balkan Peninsula. It has been hypothesized that this allele was favored by natural selection during the Black Death for Northern Europeans.
The allele has a negative effect upon T cell function, but appears to protect against smallpox and HIV. Yersinia pestis (the bubonic plague bacterium) was demonstrated in the laboratory not to associate with CCR5. Individuals with the Δ32 allele of CCR5 are healthy, suggesting that CCR5 is largely dispensable. However, CCR5 apparently plays a role in mediating resistance to West Nile virus infection in humans, as CCR5-Δ32 individuals have shown to be disproportionately at higher risk of West Nile virus in studies, indicating that not all of the functions of CCR5 may be compensated by other receptors.
While CCR5 has multiple variants in its coding region, the deletion of a 32-bp segment results in a nonfunctional receptor, thus preventing HIV R5 entry; two copies of this allele provide strong protection against HIV infection. This allele is found in 5–14% of Europeans but is rare in Africans and Asians.
HLA-B27 is an inherited gene marker that is associated with a number of related rheumatic diseases. They share in common, certain features like spinal and peripheral arthritis, skin and GI disorders, anterior chamber eye disease, psoriasis like skin lesions, as well as inflammation and joint pain. This gene is found with highest prevalence in patients with ankylosing spondylosis, reactive arthritis, and patients with the combination of peripheral arthritis and either psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease.
Neanderthals have been found with skeletal deformities known to be caused be ankylosing spondylitis and Arthritis.[13]
CONCLUSION
Neanderthals carried HLA-B27 which offers protection from certain diseases, however it also causes autoimmune diseases. CCR5-Δ32 deletion is also linked in with O negative blood. They originate in Neanderthals and are not often found in Africa. If you have Rh negative blood, you are blessed with some of the genes from our most ancient families.
Research by Tia Douglass & Andre Heyrman of NADA.
Find out more in the book
Secrets of the Serpent Bloodline by Tau Tia L Douglass
REFERENCES
[1] Mark Kurlansky, The Basque History of the World, Penguin Books, New York, 2001.
[2] Robert J. Sawyer, Hominids, Tor Books, 2002.
[3] FAQs About Basque and the Basques, www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/larryt/basque.faqs.html
[4] David Noel, Matrix Thinking, BFC Press, 1997. Chapter 104, Syston Boundaries and SIOS. Also at: www.aoi.com.au/matrix/Mat04.html
[5] The Rh-negative Factor and ‘Reptilian Traits’, www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r110199a.html
[6] Blood of the Gods, www.geocities.com/ask_lady_lee/rhneg.html
[7] Philip Lieberman, Eve Spoke: Human Language and Human Evolution, W W Norton, 1998
[8] What is Basque?, www.clan-blackstar.com/research/basque.html
[9] Basque Pronunciation, www.eirelink.com/alanking/collq1.htm#Pronunciation
[10] Homo neanderthalensis, www.modernhumanorigins.com/neanderthalensis.html
[11] List of Neanderthal sites, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Neanderthal_sites
[12] What does it mean to be Rh negative? www.betterbirth.com/rh-negative
[13] La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 (also known as "The Old Man") is a partial skeleton of the species Homo neanderthalensis, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Chapelle-aux-Saints_1
[14] Arthritis, www.bookrags.com/research/arthritis-wsd/
